Analysis of etiological characteristics of hospitalized children with wheezing
喘息住院儿童病原学特点分析

摘要

目的 探讨婴幼儿喘息性疾病与呼吸系统病原体感染的关系。方法 收集2021年1月至2022年1月在包头医学院第一附属医院住院治疗的临床表现有喘息症状的417例患儿进行9种常见呼吸道病原检测。结果 417例喘息住院患儿，其中男 289例，女128例，男女比例2.25，病原检测阳性患儿216例，检出阳性率51.80%，病毒检测阳性者99例，检出率为23.74%，其中尤以呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）阳性者最多68例（16.31%），肺炎支原体（MP）91例（21.82%），混合感染21例（8.87%）；病毒感染相关性喘息男性病毒阳性检出率高于女性，支原体感染相关性喘息女性阳性检出率高于男性，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；不同年龄段喘息住院患儿病原检测阳性率比较，差异有统计学意义，<1岁病毒感染患儿最多，1-3岁以MP感染最多见，其次为病毒，>3岁MP感染最常见，3-5岁年龄组患儿MP感染检出率高达38.80%；病毒及MP均春、冬季检出率高。结论 呼吸道病毒感染是诱发喘息最常见的病原体，其次为肺炎支原体，感染相关性喘息在不同性别、年龄及季节里不同的病原检出率有差异。

Abstract

Objective To explore the relationship between infant asthmatic disease and respiratory pathogen infection.
Methods A total of 417 children with wheezing symptoms who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College from January 2021 to January 2022 were collected for the detection of 9 common respiratory pathogens.
Results There were 417 hospitalized children with wheeting, among which 289 were male and 128 were female, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.25. 216 were positive for pathogens, with a positive rate of 51.80%, and 99 were positive for viruses, with a positive rate of 23.74%. The most positive cases were 68 (16.31%) for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). There were 91 cases (21.82%) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), 21 cases (8.87%) of mixed infection. The positive detection rate of viral infection-related wheezing in male was higher than that in female, and the positive detection rate of mycoplasma infection-related wheezing in female was higher than that in male, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Comparison of positive rates of pathogen detection in hospitalized wheezing children of different ages showed statistically significant differences. Virus infection was the most common in <1 year old children, MP infection was the most common in 1-3 years old children, followed by virus, MP infection was the most common in >3 years old children, and the detection rate of MP infection in 3-5 years old children was as high as 38.80%. The detection rates of virus and MP were high in spring and winter.
Conclusion   Respiratory virus infection is the most common pathogen inducing wheezing, followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The detection rates of infection-associated wheezing are different in different genders, ages and seasons.