摘要
目的 探讨呼出气一氧化氮（FENO）及外周血嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）水平在儿童早期喘息诊断中的意义。方法 选取2020年9月1日-2022年4月1日于包头医学院第一附属医院儿科就诊的喘息婴幼儿78例，年龄12-36个月，其中男37例，女41例。从78例喘息患儿中筛选出符合API评估入选标准的患儿68例，按照哮喘预测指数结果分为API阳性组（n=35）和API阴性组（n=33），采用SPSS25.0统计学软件比较两组患儿FENO、EOS水平，高FENO比例及一般资料；通过Pearson相关性分析探讨API阳性组EOS与FENO水平相关性。结果 两组一般资料差异无统计学意义（P>0.05)，阳性组FeNO、EOS水平及高FeNO比例高于阴性组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01），API（+）组FENO水平与EOS呈正相关(r=0.349,P<0.05)。结论 FENO在反映气道嗜酸性炎症水平同时可结合EOS水平预测进展为哮喘的危险性，因此在年幼的喘息患儿中结合FENO、EOS水平，在评估气道炎症类型以及严重程度的同时，可以早期预测哮喘的发生发展，从而更好的鉴别喘息类型，早期予以规范化治疗，进而预测对抗炎治疗的反应性。
关键词： 儿童喘息；呼出气一氧化氮；嗜酸性粒细胞；哮喘预测指数；相关性
Abstract
Objective To explore the significance of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) and eosinophil (EOS) levels in the diagnosis of early wheezing in children. Methods 78 wheezing infants aged 12-36 months, including 37 males and 41 females, were selected from the Department of Pediatrics, the first affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College from September 1, 2020 to April 1, 2022. 68 children who met the criteria of API evaluation were selected from 78 wheezing children. According to the results of API, 68 children were divided into API positive group (n = 35) and API negative group (n = 33). SPSS25.0 statistical software was used to compare the levels of FENO and EOS, high proportion of FENO and general data between the two groups, and to explore the correlation between EOS and FENO in API positive group by Pearson correlation analysis. Results there was no significant difference in general data between the two groups. The levels of FeNO, EOS and the proportion of high FeNO in the positive group were significantly higher than those in the negative group. The level of FENO in the API (+) group was positively correlated with EOS. Conclusion FENO can reflect the level of eosinophilic inflammation of the airway and predict the risk of progression to asthma combined with the level of EOS. Therefore, combining the levels of FENO and EOS in children with asthma can not only assist in the early prediction and diagnosis of asthma, but also reflect the type and severity of airway inflammation in children, so as to better distinguish the types of asthma, give standardized treatment, and then predict the response to anti-inflammatory treatment.
Key words： Wheezing in children; exhaled nitric oxide; eosinophils; asthma predictive index; correlation
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