Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of rotavirus enteritis in children in Baotou area
包头地区儿童轮状病毒肠炎的流行病学及临床特征分析

摘要

目的 研究包头地区儿童轮状病毒肠炎的流行病学特征及其临床特点，为临床医学诊疗提供一定参考依据。方法 选取包头医学院第一附属医院2021年1月至2022年1月期间儿科病房收治的110例腹泻患儿作为课题研究对象，对所有入选病人均开展轮状病毒抗原检测，统计轮状病毒感染情况，从性别分布、年龄段、发病时间、临床表现等方面进行回顾分析，归纳总结轮状病毒肠炎的临床特点，提出防治策略。结果 从110例粪便标本中筛查出轮状病毒阳性37例，阳性检出率33.64%。男患儿与女患儿的发病比例无差异（P＞0.05），1-3岁儿童轮状病毒的感染率高出其余阶段儿童，差别有统计学价值（P＜0.05）。第四季度为轮状病毒流行高峰季节，其次为秋季。37例阳性感染患儿均出现腹泻症状，其次以发热、呕吐、心肌酶谱增高等临床特征表现的占比较高。结论 轮状病毒感染是导致小儿腹泻的重要因素，好发于1-3岁的婴幼儿，男女发病比例相当，在寒冷的冬季更易发生感染。除腹泻外，往往合并发热、呕吐、心肌酶谱增高、脱水、酸中毒等情况，临床应根据其特点加强防治。

Abstract

Objective To study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of rotavirus enteritis in children in Baotou area, and to provide some reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Methods A total of 110 children with diarrhea admitted to the pediatric ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected as subjects. Rotavirus antigen detection was carried out on all the enrolled patients, and rotavirus infection was analyzed retrospectively from the aspects of gender distribution, age, onset time and clinical manifestations. The clinical characteristics of rotavirus enteritis were summarized and the prevention and treatment strategies were put forward.
Results 37 rotavirus positive cases were found in 110 fecal samples, the positive detection rate was 33.64%. There was no difference in the incidence rate between boys and girls (P > 0.05). The infection rate of rotavirus in children at 1-3 years old was higher than that in children at other stages, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The fourth quarter is the peak rotavirus epidemic season, followed by autumn. 37 cases of positive infection children all showed diarrhea symptoms, followed by fever, vomiting, increased myocardial enzyme spectrum and other clinical features accounted for a higher proportion.
Conclusion   Rotavirus infection is an important factor leading to infantile diarrhea. It is most likely to occur in infants and young children aged 1-3 years. The proportion of male and female morbidity is equal, and it is more likely to occur in cold winter. In addition to diarrhea, it is often complicated with fever, vomiting, increased myocardial enzyme spectrum, dehydration, acidosis and so on. Clinical prevention and treatment should be strengthened according to its characteristics.